0 Lung cancer screening

Checkups are the people for early stages of a disease before they have symptoms. Can be carried out before screening for any type of cancer, physicians must have an accurate and reliable tests to use. The test has a grip on cancer, that it reliably. And it should not produce false positive results. A false positive result means a test that makes it look as if cancer could be present if it is not.

At the moment there is no national screening program for lung cancer in the UK. Should be introduced for the screening, we need a test that's easy, fast, not too expensive and not harmful. It is always cheaper screen people at high risk, but as all the screen. For lung cancer are the people who smoke have an increased risk. So many studies to see whether screening smokers makes sense.

Lung cancer is often picked up on chest x-ray. But by the time of diagnosis, in this way, it is often quite advanced. Researchers are trying other screening tests that help diagnose lung cancer earlier find. They are called a spiral CT scan and looking for a particular type of bronchoscopy for people at high risk for lung cancer.

0 Adenocarcinoma lung cancer

An overview of adenocarcinoma lung cancer 
Adenocarcinoma is one of the most complicated forms of lung cancer from his lung metastases in different regions and thus a serious impairment of lung function. Each tumor has seen its clinical importance because of its nature and place, in this case, the adenocarcinoma of the lung as a truly critical and requires extensive clinical measures to help patients recover from this deadly cancer.
 
While briefly explain the characteristics of adenocarcinoma of the lung, oncologists term it as a metastasis. In view of this special quality of metastases to the cancer cells spread to different regions of the lung blood vessels, lymph nodes or direct invasion of tissue structures. The oncologists conduct extensive clinical work-up and investigations on the origin, the extent of metastases and foci involving the entire lung or part of the lung / lung or the involvement of different organs must be delineated. Due to the nature of the structures spread to other organs, in women, there are studies that will determine the status of the uterus and ovaries in addition to studying the spread to other organs performed.
 
Adenocarcinoma of the lung has the most complex metastatic process, and because of his conduct of its spread, the clinical approach thus represents a chemotherapy, radiotherapy and supportive therapy.
It is notable that the adenocarcinoma of the lung is among pulmonary neoplasms, the epithelial origin should be mentioned together, unlike hemangiomas, etc. The pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm.
Patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung are signs of intense pain, the experience of some shortness of breath, dyspnea and cough. These are the characters who exist in a patient who has not yet been diagnosed with cancer of the lungs, and if have not subsided after the therapy, the symptoms, then the patient in a clinical oncologist referred to exclude conditions such as this type of lung cancer .


Because therapy for adenocarcinoma of the lung, a specific course of treatment includes surgery and, depending on the extent of metastases in the course of treatment, patients are also special diets, as well as novel therapies that given laser beam radiation therapy, etc. The remission of adenocarcinoma depends on how early how early the cancer is diagnosed and the patient has started to receive chemotherapy and related treatment planning by clinical oncologists and also depend on the patient's health status, to carry the toxic effects of therapy. To overcome this deadly disease, the physician and the patient has to work as a team to fight the battle against this terrible disease.


The treatment regimen that is followed in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung often a combination of chemotherapy drugs such as cyclophosphamide + lomustine + methotrexate, in which the response rate is 14-38%, hexamethylmelamine + doxorubicin, and methotrexate (13% -32%), methotrexate + doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + lomustine (13% -24%), cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + cisplatin (0-36%), cyclophosphamide + bleomycin + cisplatin (20%), mitomycin C + vinblastine + cisplatin (26% -33%), cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + etoposide + cisplatin (29%) and vindesine, and cisplatin (33%). These therapies are considered for different patients with different clinical presentations of lung adenocarcinoma.

0 Lung cancer stage

What are the Stages of disease (staging)?
Cancer has been diagnosed, the doctor is primarily the extent of disease, or in other words, at what stage (stage) shall determine.  
Disease; - Only a small section of the lung, stage I, - To the nearest lymph bezelerine-missed stage II, - In the lung or the membrane surrounding the lungs called the mediastinum, the space between the two lung or has spread here, swollen glands in stage III, - Liver, bone, adrenal gland has spread to distant organs, such as stage IV, your doctor to determine the phase adlandırılır.Doğru lung x-rays, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax and abdomen, bone scan or computed tomography of the brain for the appropriate stage amaliyat gerekebilr.Hastalığın wants to see if the filesystem is called a mediastinoscopy, an incision in the neck cavity, lighted tube to the mediastinum during this process and look for a test that included a sample of lymph bezelerinden yapılabilir.Eğer also leaves two of the lining of the lung fluid accumulated, your doctor with a needle between the ribs will be entering the water sample for pathological examination. If this process is called thoracentesis.

0 Lung cancer overview

Lung cancer, cancer causes of death in both men and women, as it comes first, followed by the three major cancer-breast, colon, and prostate-emerges as the more deadly type of cancer.
Especially for lung cancer, including non-asbestos, Rodon preparers, such as the role of environmental factors also need to also have a genetic predisposition to bahsedilse, as well as the emergence of the disease, is thought to play an important role in the progression and prognosis. Degradation of the complex functions of cell cycle regulators in lung cancer is associated with exactly.
Histologically and clinically classifiable as non-small cell and small cell lung cancer, neuroendocrine also has a subtype.
The search for genetic analysis, except for the normal respiratory epithelium, precancerous lesions, and metastases in advanced cancers covers. In addition, there are many cell line studies, thanks to these studies in the laboratory, cancer cells can be created, and on the various research.
Some genetic disorders are associated with a particular subtype. such as loss of function of p53 gene in tumor prevention in all types of cancer has been recognized as a general feature. Of these p53 protein and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has a separate importance. Finding the levels of expression of these genes, as well as transmitting information about the course of the disease, but also determines the treatment strategy. Such as gefitinib and erlotinib are used in lung cancer "medicine" for the blockade of EGFR molecules are molecules produced. Treatment with the EGFR mutation analysis can be used to test the sensitivity of these molecules. In our laboratory, tumor tissue samples obtained from the DNA of the EGFR gene (18-21. Exons) that are important series of mutations detected by analyzing the response to treatment.
Another problem encountered in the treatment of cancer patients in the long-term therapy is the development of drug resistance. This genetic mechanism in the development of resistance (20 ekzondaki of secondary T790M mutation) is illuminated. The work, created by the resistance to deal with this second generation of genetically modified molecules (lapatinib, etc.). Created.
Another prominent research KRAS'tır cancer gene. Of antibodies against EGFR, KRAS mutations are associated with resistance. Today, genetic studies performed on this gene (especially 12.13 and 61 codon mutations) are used as predictors of treatment response prediction and monitoring of treatment. In our laboratory, the tumor tissue by analyzing DNA samples from a series of anti-EGFR, KRAS gene mutations that are important in the response to treatment is determined.
In addition, mutations in other cancer genes of importance to determine the original treatment BRAF'tır. Some of the molecules used in the treatment of cancer (MEK inhibitor) increased the expression BRAF'ın aims. BRAF'ın genetic analysis of this before starting treatment (V600) is advisable to look. BRAF V600 mutation in our laboratory, studied with sequence analysis.
As a result,
In 2012 the United States only for non-small cell lung cancer is expected to exceed $ 4 billion spent on pharmaceutical expenditures. The discovery of new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed medical point of view. Diagnostic and therapeutic importance could sense a number of genes being studied. Final success criteria and targets to be achieved in the cure, that is, the disappearance of the disease fully.

0 Lung cancer symptoms

Signs and symptoms of lung cancer:

1 - endless, and a cough to get worse over time
2 - Persistent chest pain
3 - Blood spit
4 - Shortness of breath
5 - to wheezing breathing.
6 - I often have pneumonia or bronchitis, and does not exceed
7 - Neck and facial swelling
8 - Loss of appetite and weight loss
9 - Fatigue

These findings kaynaklanabilir.Bulguların lung cancer, or less serious conditions should be evaluated by a doctor.

LOCATION OF LUNG CANCER DIAGNOSIS

For help finding the causes of the symptoms his doctor's diseases, tobacco use (cigarettes, pipes, cigars, etc..) Status, exposure to environmental or occupational substances, and queries whether there is cancer in other family members. Chest X-rays and may require some testing. If the suspects of lung cancer in sputum examination (sputum cytology, lung and mucosa of the material from the microscopic examination of a deep cough) ister.Bu examine a simple and useful test to detect lung cancer. Cancer, the doctor may need to review to make sure the lung tissue.
A small piece of tissue obtained by biopsy under a microscope by a pathologist, a doctor's examination indicates whether the cancer.

There are many methods to get this piece of tissue.

1) Bronchoscopy: a slim, lighted tube (bronchoscope) is inserted into the mouth to see the airways, the airways are examined and a small piece of tissue is taken from here.

2) Needle aspiration: A needle is inserted into the tumor-Chest is the process of taking a small piece of tissue.

3) Thoracentesis: The fluid that surrounds the lungs using a needle, for example to investigate this a little taken.

4) Thoracotomy: Cancer to recognize the tumor surgically opening the chest to get a piece.